Serbian Parade, Kosovocentrism, and the Inevitable Confrontation: Albania on the Brink of a New Balkan Challenge
Flamur Buçpapaj, Military Expert
Nacionali announces that in the upcoming elections it will participate with its own political party, called “National Assault.” Its goal is clear: the liberation of Albanian lands, defense of the homeland, national unification, and preparation for the inevitable confrontation with the hegemonist project of Greater Serbia.
Outline of the Study / Contents
The Serbian military parade and its strategic messages
Kosovocentrism in current politics and its limitations
Albania and the inevitable confrontation with Serbia
Escalation of hybrid warfare and national security threats MiG-29 fighter jets and MI-35 helicopters of Russian manufacture;
Modernized T-72MS tanks;
Heavy artillery and “Oganj” and “Plamen” rocket systems;
Pantsir-S1 air defense systems;
Iranian kamikaze drones and Serbian prototype “Pegaz” drones;
Special forces equipped with modern weapons, black uniforms, and satellite communication gear.
This is a clear signal that Serbia is no longer an outdated Yugoslav army lacking resources, but a modernized military with hybrid Eastern and Western standards.
Kosovocentrism: The Illusion that the FSK Can Defend Its Own Country
In Kosovo, a dangerous mindset exists—the belief that the FSK (Kosovo Security Force) is sufficient to confront Serbia. But the reality is entirely different:
The FSK has limited mandates and lacks heavy weapons.
It remains an incomplete force for frontal warfare.
In the event of aggression, Kosovo could be occupied within half an hour if Albania does not intervene.
This kosovocentrism must end. Only a unified Albanian national army, shared between Albania and Kosovo, can guarantee protection.
Psychological Effect on Balkan Public Opinion
The parade is not only seen by the Serbian public but also by Albanians, Macedonians, Bosniaks, and Montenegrins. It is a psychological instrument of fear:
Kosovo Albanians see how inferior the FSK is.
Albanians in Albania realize that NATO is not an absolute guarantee.
Bosniaks and Macedonians feel unprotected.
Even the West understands that Serbia is willing to go further than previously assumed.
In this way, Vučić creates a dominance effect without war, preparing the political ground for a future offensive.
The Parade as a “New Generation of War”
In each parade, Serbia presents a new weapon: sometimes tanks, sometimes drones, sometimes air defense systems. This is part of a clear strategy: gradually preparing public opinion for war. Today, the public sees the weapons; tomorrow, when they are used on the battlefield, there will be no shock, only a feeling that “it was expected.”
Chapter 2: Kosovocentrism in Current Politics and Its Limitations
Since the declaration of independence in 2008, Kosovo has pursued a policy focused primarily on internal matters and international recognition. This approach is often called “kosovocentrism,” which implies excessive focus on administrative borders and local institutions while neglecting strategic challenges related to neighbors and military threats.
Kosovocentrism has had several effects:
Strengthening internal state identity.
Neglect of real defense capabilities.
Overreliance on international allies (USA, NATO, EU).
In this chapter, we analyze:
The history of Kosovo’s approach.
Strategic limitations of the FSK.
The risk of underestimating Serbia.
Alternatives that could help Albania and Kosovo with national defense.
History of Kosovo’s Policy After 1999
After the war and NATO intervention, UNMIK-administered Kosovo focused on:
Political stabilization.
Building internal institutions.
Securing international support.
This focus had advantages but also created a dangerous dependency on the West. Meanwhile, Serbia continued to develop its military capabilities and exert political influence in the region.
Post-war FSK: a symbolic force, mainly for civil security.
Lack of air defense: FSK has no fighter jets or air defense systems.
Limitation in heavy artillery: few tanks and armored vehicles, no advanced rocket systems.
These limitations make Kosovo vulnerable to a rapid conflict with Serbia.
Kosovocentrism and Domestic Politics
Kosovar politicians often use the narrative of the “Serbian threat” to consolidate their positions but do not invest in their own army and defense:
Focus on law and diplomacy: many funds go to international lobbying rather than FSK modernization.
Relationship with Albania: often more symbolic than strategic. No concrete plan exists for defending Kosovo in case of attack.
Use of historical narratives: glorification of resistance to Serbia often remains symbolic, without a real military strategy.
Risk of Underestimating Serbia
Kosovocentrism creates a false sense of security:
Kosovo is protected by NATO, but any Serbian offensive could last 48–72 hours before allies respond.
Serbia possesses modern weapons, drones, heavy artillery, and air defense systems.
Sole focus on diplomacy and law renders Kosovo powerless against rapid aggression.
Strategic Analysis of the FSK
Active troops: about 8,000, far fewer than the Serbian army.
Reservists and mobilization: only about 5,000, with no strong mobilization structure.
Air support: insufficient; no fighter jets or advanced radar.
Modern weapons and technology: drones are in early stages of use, with no real offensive capacity.
This imbalance makes the FSK unable to defend the territory alone, even with international support.
Albania as a Key Factor for Kosovo
Kosovocentrism often ignores Albania as an important strategic partner:
Military and logistical support from Tirana could change the balance of power.
Albania must be considered part of every defense plan for Kosovo, not just diplomacy.
Kosovo–Albania coordination is essential to deter Serbia.
Strategic Alternatives for Kosovo
Strengthening the FSK and transforming it into a real army: more troops, modern armaments, joint training with Albania and NATO.
Intelligence cooperation with Albania: to prevent Serbian attacks before they occur.
Territorial planning and fortification of borders: defensive systems and strong bases in key areas.
Integration with NATO and regional alliances: security, but not as a substitute for self-defense.
Perspective
Kosovocentrism in current politics cannot be a sustainable strategy in a Balkans where Serbia is strengthening every year. Without a coordinated national policy with Albania, Kosovo remains unprotected.
Albania’s strategic options: Diplomacy, Alliances, National Army
Serbia’s modern armaments and Balkan imbalances
What Albania must do: The path toward a United Unified National Army
The final borders of the Balkans – Albania or Greater Serbia
Chapter I
Serbian Military Parade – Show of Force or Warning of War?
The Role of Military Parades in Serbian Political Culture
In most countries, military parades have a clear ceremonial function: they mark national holidays, commemorate historical victories, honor the armed forces, and foster feelings of national unity. However, in Serbia’s case, parades are not merely military festivities but strategic and political instruments. Serbia uses them to:
Demonstrate strength to its neighbors;
Reaffirm territorial claims;
Legitimize the domestic regime through nationalism;
Send messages to major powers, especially NATO and the EU.
Modernization of the Serbian Army and New Weapons
Over the past decade, Serbia has invested massively in armaments, transforming from an outdated military into a force with competitive capabilities in the Balkans. Some of the most important weapons displayed in the parades include:
T-72MS tanks imported from Russia, modernized to provide significant ground warfare capabilities.
Lazar 3 armored vehicles and Nora B-52 howitzers, domestically produced, combining mobility with destructive power.
Pantsir-S1 missile systems – effective air defense against drones and missiles, donated by Russia.
CH-92A combat drones purchased from China, with high reconnaissance and precision strike capabilities.
Modernized MiG-29 fighter jets, giving Serbia regional air dominance.
Heavy artillery and Iskander ballistic missiles (in collaboration with Russia), serving as strategic deterrents.
These capabilities give Serbia a clear advantage over Kosovo and Albania, which still rely on NATO technologies but with limited numbers and firepower.
In this context, every Serbian parade is a political act of multiple dimensions. It is not a neutral display but a form of “military communication” aimed at both domestic and international audiences.
Historical Tradition of Serbian Parades
19th Century – Kingdom of Serbia: Military parades reflected the strength of a newly independent state from the Ottoman Empire, often accompanied by rhetoric about the “liberation of Serbian lands.”
Balkan Wars (1912–1913): Serbia used parades to legitimize the occupation of Kosovo, Macedonia, and Sandžak. The 1913 parade in Skopje was an open demonstration of new territorial dominance.
Yugoslav Communist Period: After WWII, Belgrade’s parades were among the largest in Europe, showcasing the power of an army claiming to be the “third” strongest in Europe after the Soviets and French.
Post-1990s: Under Milosevic, parades became instruments of nationalist mobilization, foreshadowing wars in Croatia, Bosnia, and Kosovo.
Post-1999: Despite losing Kosovo and suffering NATO bombings, parades returned strongly, especially after 2010, symbolizing a “resurging Serbia.”
Thus, the history of Serbian parades is closely linked to the project of Greater Serbia.
Parades as an Instrument of Vučić’s Politics
Since coming to power, Aleksandar Vučić has organized several grand parades. Russian aircraft, Chinese weapons, and specially trained troops often participate. The main messages of these parades are:
To the domestic audience: “Serbia is strong, secure, and ready to defend its interests.”
To Kosovo: “Do not think you are safe. The Serbian army is ready to act at any moment.”
To Albania: “If you intervene in Kosovo, you will face a modern army.”
To NATO: “We have strategic alternatives (Russia, China), so do not think you can impose everything on us.”
Vučić thus uses parades not only as spectacles but as psychological warfare against neighbors and diplomatic leverage against the West.
Composition of Recent Serbian Parades
In parades held in Belgrade and Niš, the following were displayed: The Road to Real Security: Uniting Albanian and Kosovar Capabilities
Preparation for a potential Serbian attack: a trained army and rapid mobilization.
Diplomatic and international support: necessary, but sufficient only when regional nations are strong.
Chapter 2 Conclusion
Mobilizing the Nation
Military education should be introduced in schools.
The Albanian diaspora should be involved in national defense strategies.
The Albanian people must be prepared for significant sacrifices.
Focusing solely on diplomacy and local institutions is insufficient to protect the people and the territory. Albania must play a key role in every defense plan. Transforming the FSK into a modern army is urgent and essential for national defense.
Chapter 3: Albania and the Inevitable Confrontation with Serbia
The situation in the Balkans has changed significantly over recent decades. Serbia, following its recent military parades and armament modernization, has demonstrated real capacity to extend its influence and threaten neighbors. In this context, Albania cannot remain passive. Confrontation with Serbia is not a hypothetical scenario but a real possibility requiring strategic planning and full national mobilization.
History of Albania–Serbia Relations
19th Century – Beginning of Balkan Nationalism: Serbia has always claimed territories with Albanian populations, starting with Kosovo and later other Albanian lands.
Balkan Wars (1912–1913): Serbia occupied large parts of Kosovo and Macedonia, creating a precedent for future territorial claims.
Communist Era and Milosevic’s Successors: Relations were marked by tension and mistrust, while Albania defended Kosovo Albanians through political and humanitarian aid.
Post-1999: Serbia continues to try to influence the region, while Albania’s defense policy has been mainly symbolic and diplomatic.
History shows a recurring pattern: Serbia seeks expansion, and Albania must always be ready to defend national interests.
Albanians and the Perception of the Serbian Threat
Paradoxically, while Serbia modernizes its army, many Albanians see this as a distant threat. This underestimation increases the country’s vulnerability:
Public opinion often assumes NATO will provide protection.
Albanian politics focuses on reforms and economic development, without prioritizing national defense.
In the event of a rapid conflict, this perception could be fatal.
Current Capabilities of the Albanian Army
The Albanian army has made progress but remains far from the standards needed to confront Serbia:
Active troops: around 12,000 trained soldiers with basic equipment.
Armored vehicles: a few outdated T-55 tanks and M-113s with limited capacity.
Aviation and air defense: some transport helicopters, no combat aircraft capable of offensive operations or strategic defense.
Artillery and missiles: partially functional, without advanced regional defense systems.
This imbalance makes Albania vulnerable to a Serbian offensive in a short, intense conflict.
Potential Serbian Plan and the Necessary Response
Based on Serbia’s show of force in parades, several scenarios can be predicted:
Rapid occupation of Kosovo: within a few hours, to test Albanian and international response.
Delaying Albanian mobilization: using propaganda and psychological threats.
Provoking Albania: to see if Tirana is willing to intervene.
To face these threats:
The Albanian army must be ready immediately, with a rapid mobilization system.
Cooperation with the FSK must be detailed and strategic, protecting sensitive territories.
International support must be combined with autonomous national strategy.
Albanian Diplomacy and Its Strategic Role
Albania has a strong diplomatic tool: alliances with NATO and the USA. However:
Diplomacy is only effective when nations are militarily prepared.
Serbia knows that without an immediate response, allies cannot stop an offensive within 48 hours.
Therefore, diplomacy must be accompanied by army mobilization and coordination with Kosovo.
Possible Strategies for Albania
Modernization of the National Army: advanced weapons, drones, air defense, specialized troops.
Fortification of borders and strategic bases: especially in the north and along the Kosovo border.
Coordination of the national defense plan with Kosovo: joint command and continuous communication.
Preparation of civil mobilization: citizens must be aware of their role in national defense.
Risk of Underestimating the Situation
If Albania continues a policy of passivity or focuses excessively on diplomacy:
Serbia may take rapid and aggressive actions.
Kosovo could lose critical territories.
Albanians would face a humanitarian and national crisis.
Political and National Message
Albania cannot rely on allies to intervene at all times. The Albanian nation must develop its own defensive strategies and be ready for an inevitable confrontation. The army, diplomacy, intelligence, and citizen mobilization must be fully synchronized.
Chapter 3 Conclusions
Confrontation with Serbia is not predictable, but it is real and imminent.
Albanians must understand that passivity is a national risk. What should Albania do?
To prepare for such a scenario, Albania must take urgent steps:
Increase Defense Budget
Albania must reach NATO’s minimum standard of 2% of GDP for defense.
It must purchase modern air defense systems (Patriot, Hisar, or SAMP/T).
Invest in heavy artillery, surface-to-surface missiles, and combat drones.
A Unified Albanian Army
Merge the FSK with the Albanian Armed Forces under a single national command.
Establish a “National Albanian Armed Force” covering all Albanian territories.
Alliances with the USA and Turkey
Albania should strengthen ties with the USA, Turkey, and other countries interested in Balkan stability.
Arms supplies should primarily come from these strategic partners.
National Mobilization
The population must be ready for mobilization.
Military and patriotic education should be integrated into school curricula.
The Albanian diaspora should be included in a national defense strategy.
Chapter VI – Conclusion: A National Army or a Historical Defeat
The history of Albanians is filled with sacrifices for survival. Today, we are at a crossroads where the nation’s fate is determined by our ability to be prepared.
If Albania and Kosovo do not create a joint army and equip it with modern weapons, the future will be decided by Serbia’s military.
Transforming the National Army and strategic cooperation with Kosovo are essential.
Kosovar isolationist policies (Kosovocentrism) are insufficient; a joint Albanian-Kosovar strategy is required.
Chapter 4: Escalation of Hybrid Warfare and Threats to National Security
In the modern world, war is no longer only a traditional arm-to-arm confrontation. Hybrid warfare combines military, economic, political, media, and cyber tools to achieve strategic objectives without wide-scale open conflict.
Serbia has developed hybrid strategies that include:
Massive propaganda campaigns domestically and internationally.
Cyberattacks on critical institutions.
Economic pressure on Albanian neighbors and Albanian communities in the Balkans.
Activation of political and media groups supporting Serbia’s narrative.
This chapter analyzes hybrid threats and their implications for Albania and Kosovo.
The Concept of Hybrid Warfare
Hybrid warfare is a combination of conventional and unconventional tactics, including:
Limited military attacks to test responses.
Cyber compromise of critical systems.
Propaganda and disinformation to destabilize public opinion.
Economic and diplomatic pressure using allies and international agreements.
Serbia uses these tools to create fear, confusion, and strategic imbalance against Albanian neighbors.
Media Involvement and Propaganda
Serbian media reinforce the narrative of Albanian threats and Serbian strength.
Simultaneously, propaganda portrays Serbia as a “peaceful actor” and Albanians as “provocateurs.”
This creates a psychological climate, making Albanians feel isolated and powerless.
Cyber Threats
Attacks on Albanian and Kosovar institutions could lead to:
Failure of energy networks.
Paralysis of army and FSK communications.
Theft of strategic information.
These attacks reduce the nation’s ability to respond in real time to potential threats.
Economic and Political Pressure
Serbia uses economic relations and regional alliances to isolate Albania and Kosovo.
Examples: blocking infrastructure projects, hindering foreign investments, pressuring key companies.
This ongoing warfare weakens national resilience and defense capacity.
Covert Operations and Infiltration
Serbia employs agents and political groups to influence Albanian and Kosovar government decisions, including:
Activists in local politics.
Inciting tensions within Albanian communities.
Funding media that supports the Serbian narrative.
Confronting Hybrid Warfare
Albania and Kosovo must take clear steps:
Modernize the Army and FSK to prevent rapid attacks.
Develop cyber capabilities to protect critical institutions.
Control information and media to prevent disinformation. International Cooperation with NATO and Allies, but Always with an Autonomous Strategy
Threats to National Security
Hybrid warfare increases the risk of an open conflict.
The element of surprise is high because Serbia combines overt and covert tactics.
Albania cannot rely solely on diplomacy; full military and civilian readiness is required.
Strategic Plan for Albania
Integration of Intelligence and Armed Forces for complete coordination.
Immediate investment in defense technology: radars, drones, missile systems.
Joint training with Kosovo to ensure synchronized operations.
Citizen mobilization and national awareness: every citizen must understand their role in national defense.
Chapter 4 Conclusions
Hybrid warfare is already a reality in the Balkans, and Serbia uses it to expand influence.
Albania and Kosovo are exposed, and any passivity could lead to complete destabilization.
Facing the threat is not just a political issue but a strategic national necessity.
The only sustainable plan: modernization, cooperation, and immediate mobilization.
Chapter 5: Albania’s Strategic Options – Diplomacy, Alliances, and the National Army
Given the threats from Serbia and rising tensions in the Balkans, Albania must implement an integrated national strategy. Diplomacy or cooperation with international allies alone is insufficient; a combination of political action, military defense, and citizen mobilization is required.
This chapter analyzes:
Diplomatic options.
Regional and international strategic alliances.
Construction and modernization of the National Army.
Synchronization with Kosovo for joint defense.
Proactive Diplomacy
Albanian diplomacy must have three main pillars:
Conflict prevention through dialogue: negotiate with Serbia and international actors regarding borders and regional security.
International lobbying: emphasize the importance of protecting Kosovo and Albanian neighbors for Balkan stability.
External influence and national priority:
Outside Albania, groups that assist Serbia in strategic investments, political activity, or indirect support of regional projects may pose significant challenges to Albanian sovereignty and interests.
This is not a religious matter, but a political and strategic one: Albania must maintain control over its decisions and prevent foreign interests from influencing national development.
Monitoring Strategic Influence
Any external activity that favors Serbian interests should be carefully monitored.
Investments in infrastructure, construction of religious sites, or economic projects with potential political influence must be assessed for possible impacts on sovereignty and national stability.
Cooperation with Western Partners
Albania must strengthen strategic relations with the USA, NATO, and Western countries to ensure defense and support against foreign influence.
International partners can provide intelligence and diplomatic support to prevent any foreign attempts undermining national interests.
Balanced Approach
Respect for communities and neighbors must be maintained, but sovereignty and national security remain the absolute priority.
Albania must use diplomacy and strategic monitoring to control foreign influence and prevent interventions that favor external projects, such as those of Serbia.
Strategic Message
Groups outside Albania assisting Serbia must not influence domestic politics or national development.
Albania must remain a Western ally and a reliable partner to the USA, protecting national unity, values, and interests.
Clear messages for national defense: diplomacy must be accompanied by demonstrated military capability to deter aggression.
Strategic Alliances
NATO: the main defense alliance, but sufficient only when Albania and Kosovo are prepared.
USA: key strategic partner, providing political, military, and intelligence support.
Regional cooperation: partnerships with North Macedonia, Montenegro, and other countries for regional defense.
Alliances must support, not replace, national capabilities.
Modernization of the National Army
The Albanian army must be drastically developed to include:
Increase in active troops and reservists.
Investment in modern weaponry: drones, advanced tanks, air defense systems, and long-range missiles. Strategic Alliances
NATO: The primary defense alliance, but sufficient only when Albania and Kosovo are fully prepared.
USA: Key strategic partner, providing political, military, and intelligence support.
Regional Cooperation: Partnerships with North Macedonia, Montenegro, and other countries for regional defense.
Alliances should support, not replace, national capabilities.
Modernization of the National Army
The Albanian Army must undergo significant development, including:
Increasing active troops and reservists.
Investment in modern weaponry: drones, advanced tanks, air defense systems, and long-range missiles.
Intelligence and reconnaissance capabilities to prevent rapid Serbian attacks.
Synchronized training with the Kosovo Security Force (FSK): joint command and exercises.
This modernization must be a national priority, not merely symbolic.
Synchronization with Kosovo
Albania and Kosovo must have a joint mobilization and defense plan:
Strategic joint command for coordinated operations.
Real-time intelligence and information sharing.
Logistical and infrastructural support: joint bases, arms depots, training centers.
This synchronization is crucial to prevent a rapid Serbian assault.
Citizen Mobilization
Every citizen must understand their role in national defense:
Civilian training and local organizations for logistical support.
Awareness of national emergency plans.
A national spirit of solidarity and readiness to engage in the country’s defense.
War Prevention and Readiness
Strategic options are not only for war; the goal is conflict prevention:
Demonstrating strength and modernizing the army serves as a warning to Serbia.
Diplomatic and regional cooperation strengthens the negotiating position.
War should be a last resort, but the country must be ready immediately.
Role of Nacionali and the “Sulmi Nacional” Party
Nacionali aims to keep national attention on the real threat.
Political organization and citizen mobilization can strengthen the national strategy.
The message: preparation, unity, and defense of the country above any narrow political interest.
Strategy Conclusion
Albania has two paths: passivity or maximum preparedness.
Modernizing the National Army, synchronizing with Kosovo, and using strategic diplomacy are key to success.
Citizen cooperation and national unity are essential for long-term security.
Albania or Greater Serbia? – Strategic Analysis for the Balkans
Future conflict in the Balkans is not just a struggle over Kosovo’s territory; it will determine borders, stability, and regional influence.
Serbia’s historic Greater Serbia project faces the Albanian national vision of unity and security.
This document analyzes risks, capabilities, and strategic options.
Military Forces and Capabilities
Serbia
A trained army with modern weapons: tanks, fighter jets, offensive drones, long-range missiles.
Power demonstrations through parades and coordinated exercises.
Capabilities for rapid invasion and hybrid operations, including propaganda and political pressure.
Albania
The National Army currently requires deep modernization.
Necessary investments: drones, air defense systems, better-trained troops, strategic logistics depots.
Synchronization with FSK is crucial for border protection and operational coordination.
Comparison
Serbia has an advantage in armaments and capacity.
Albania holds a strategic advantage if it acts decisively through cooperation with Kosovo and citizen mobilization.
Diplomacy and International Alliances
NATO: Provides military support and a warning to Serbia.
USA: Key partner for political and intelligence support.
Regional Cooperation: Partnerships with Montenegro, North Macedonia, and other neighbors for regional defense.
Strategic Message: Strong diplomacy combined with military capability can prevent conflict.
Concrete Threats
Serbian hybrid attacks: propaganda, political infiltration, economic pressure.
Possibility of a rapid invasion of Kosovo and pressure on Albania.
Current weaknesses in the National Army could increase the risk of destabilization.
Possible Scenarios
Serbian Victory
Greater Serbia project realized.
Increased pressure on Albanians and neighboring countries.
Creation of a politically and economically unstable region.
Albanian Preparedness
Strategic union with Kosovo and army modernization prevent aggression.
Albanians could determine the borders themselves. Ensures stability and protection for Albanian communities.
Strategic Recommendations
Modernization of the National Army: drones, tanks, missiles, air defense systems.
Synchronization with Kosovo: joint command, combined troops, logistical centers.
Citizen Mobilization: information campaigns, civilian training, national readiness.
Active Diplomacy: coordination with NATO, the USA, and regional allies.
Demonstration of Strategic Force: exercises, parades, and capabilities to warn potential aggressors.
The upcoming conflict is existential: either borders are determined by Serbia’s strength, or by the strength and readiness of Albania and the Albanian people.
The time for preparation, cooperation, and mobilization is now. A strategic and joint response is the only way to secure the future of the Balkans and the Albanian people.
Conclusion
The next war in the Balkans is not merely a territorial issue; it is an existential battle for the fate of Albanians and the region as a whole. Analysis of capabilities, risks, and strategic options clearly shows that:
The Greater Serbia project is a real and imminent threat. It seeks territorial and political expansion, destabilizing neighbors and imposing borders through force.
Albania and the Albanian people have a historic opportunity to influence the fate of the Balkans through strategic cooperation with Kosovo, modernization of the National Army, and citizen mobilization.
The time to prepare is now. Any delay could be decisive for the fate of the Albanian people and the regional structure.
Strength, strategy, and national unity are the only elements that can guarantee security, stability, and the realization of the Albanian vision. Albania cannot rely solely on diplomacy or hope; it must act decisively, modernize its capabilities, and demonstrate readiness to face any threat.
Ultimately, the future of the Balkans will be determined by the determination and strategy of the Albanian people. Only an integrated approach—diplomatic, military, and national—can set borders and ensure a sustainable future for Albanian communities in the region.
